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So, another slide to compare permanent magnet motors from induction motors. In terms of developments, the permanent magnet motor was introduced for the ESPs in the early 2000s, w You will not have as much experience with t So w That being said, this applies for the very specific applications that we have on the fields on which I've been working recently, where we have very high rates, p So you might have a different experience if you are using smaller systems w But just don'take for granted whatever you read in commercial brochures. So in terms of rotor construction, the permanent magnet motor includes permanent magnets, w For the rotor magnetic fields, it is created by the permanent magnets. Therefore, it is constant. The drawback of that is that you will have a demagnetization over time due to the finite life of the permanent magnets. In the case of an induction motor, the rotor magnetic field is going to be generated by the currents induced in the copper bars. And so t And as t Next parameter of comparison, the stator magnetic fields. For the stator magnetic fields, it is the same for both types of motors. It is created in the stator when alternating currents is applied to non-rotating stator windings. And so t Now, in terms of slip, if you remember for the induction motor, the slip is necessary so that you can have torque created. So your induction motor will be operated with a 3 to 6% slip. Basically your rotor is going to turn 3 to 6% slower than the speed at w So t In the case of a permanent magnet motor, as the magnetic field in the rotor is permanently present, the rotor will turn at the same speeds than the stator magnetic fields rotation speeds. And therefore, PMM motors will have no slip. So therefore, permanent magnet motors are called synchronous motors w Now in terms of VSDs, so variable speed drive, with a PMM, a VSD is necessary to operate the system and you will need to have a special control algorithm in your VSD. So therefore, some VSD can be used on induction motors only w And typically a VSD w VSDs that can operate induction motor are not necessarily equipped with the special control algorithm that will allow them to control a permanent magnet motor. Therefore, t So if you already have many ESPs installed on your sites and you have many VSDs already available when you want to replace your p On an induction motor, VSDs are also optional. Sometimes you can just use a switchboard. So just operate your induction motor at a constant frequency w So typically 50 hertz or 60 hertz depending on w Now that being said, w So your permanent magnet motor basically is going to bring energy savings due to they have a better power factor than induction motor and also because you have no sleep. So basically for a given electrical frequency, your rotor will turn at a Therefore, your p
